研究發展 斑馬魚是一可用於研究人類遺傳疾病的動物模式—以家族性滲出性玻璃體視網膜病變為例 Zebrafish has been established as a useful model for human genetic diseases - familial exudative vitreoretinopathy as an example
國立陽明大學生命科學系暨基因體科學研究所鍾明怡副教授及台北榮民總醫院視網膜科陳世真主任經由分析FEVR患者檢體、家族史、外顯子測序(exome sequencing),發現了在RCBTB1(regulator of chromosome condensation (RCC) and BTB domain-containing protein 1)基因上的變異可能是造成FEVR的原因。進一步用細胞培養及分生的方法,證明了RCBTB1對Norrin或Wnt3a(Wingless-type mmtv integration site family, member 3a)誘導的Wnt/β-catenin訊息通路活化是必要的。此外,本院分子與基因醫學研究所江運金副研究員研究團隊(助理朱國彰實際操作相關實驗)與國立陽明大學及台北榮民總醫院團隊合作,使用斑馬魚驗證了RCBTB1的表現減量(使用反股嗎啉基寡核苷酸morpholino,抑制蛋白轉譯)會造成視網膜的血管病變(圖一);進一步更證明了rcbtb1與ndp兩基因的缺失對視網膜的血管病變有加成作用(圖二),表示遺傳上RCBTB1能與Norrin誘導的Wnt/β-catenin訊息通路一起作用。這些結果與由細胞培養研究中所獲得的結果是相符合的,並也互相印證。為了證明基因減量(knockdown)的專一性,研究團隊同時注射人類RCBTB1的mRNA與RCBTB1的morpholino於斑馬魚胚胎中,發現表型可回復得比較正常;相反地,患者的變異RCBTB1 mRNA就無回復表型的效果。研究團隊也使用了另一種方法(CRISPR interference,抑制基因轉錄)來達成基因減量的功能,胚胎同樣有視網膜的血管病變。這些實驗顯示了研究團隊用的基因減量法是專一的,而且沒有產生脫靶(off-target)效應;此研究論文以共同通訊作者發表於4月份Human Molecular Genetics。
此外,江博士研究團隊已自位於德國Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)的歐洲斑馬魚資源中心(EZRC)購得了rcbtb1缺失的變異種,待牠們長成成魚,研究團隊將可進一步研究,如在成魚視網膜的血管表型,用基因微陣列(microarray)發現轉錄體(transcriptome)的差異,可提供rcbtb1如何參與Norrin誘導的Wnt/β-catenin訊息通路的線索;也可用此變異種去篩選能讓視網膜血管長好的小分子藥物等。
註一:Functional characterization of Rcbtb1 through morpholino (MO)-mediated gene knockdown in zebrafish embryos. rcbtb1 morphants exhibited moderate defects in IOV (intraocular vessels) development. The images depict the IOVs of fli1: EGFP transgenic zebrafish larvae at 4 dpf (days post-fertilization). Phenotypes of the IOVs were categorized into three classes: baseline (class I), moderately affected (class II) and severely affected (class III). The IOVs in class I had a normal width and a regular radial configuration, with an avascular area occupied <25% of the total space. Those in class II had narrow and less regular radial vasculatures with an avascular area ranging between 25% and 50%. Class III morphants bear the most severe phenotypes with >50% avascular area. (modified from Wu, et al. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2016:25: 1637–1647).
註二:Semi-quantitative analyses of IOV phenotypes in morphants of different combinations. In morphants injected with the control MO (6 ng), rcbtb1-ATG MO (6 ng), ndp ATG MO (6 ng), or combinations of 3 ng of the rcbtb1 control or ATG MO with 3 ng of ndp ATG MO. At least 40 larvae per condition from three independent experiments were evaluated. Note that rcbtb1 and ndp show a synergistic effect. (modified from Wu, et al. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2016:25: 1637–1647). 《文/圖:分子與基因醫學研究所江運金副研究員》