自2008年起,本院群體健康科學研究所熊昭所長、許志成副所長及所內同仁,於台灣北中南東7間合作醫院,共招募了5,664名社區中年齡55歲以上之中老年人,進行「台灣中老年健康因子及健康老化長期研究調查(The Healthy Aging Longitudinal Study in Taiwan,簡稱HALST)」。所有個案皆填寫一份包含健康狀況、生活型態、身體活動及飲食的問卷,進行一系列包含血壓、體重、身高、腰臀圍、認知功能及身體功能的測量,並採取血液及尿液檢體。所有個案並定期接受電話訪問,關心健康現況。HALST已於2013年完成第一波收樣,目前正進行第二波追蹤訪視。
此研究結果已刊登於American Journal of Clinical Nutrition期刊線上版(4)。一般而言,經由陽光曝曬獲取維他命D的效率遠比營養補充品好(5),但陽光曝曬為雙面刃,國際上已有多篇文獻探討如何曝曬才能產生足夠維他命D(UVB)又不會引起皮膚癌(UVA)(the D-lemma),然目前多數研究集中在歐美國家白人。亞裔人口因膚色較深,維他命D合成效率不及白人。住在英國的白人,每週3次,約35%皮膚曝曬於中午的太陽9-16分鐘,有90%的人血中維他命D可達到50 nmol/L(6),但同住英國的孟加拉人,約需45分鐘的曝曬,但仍有25%的人未達50 nmol/L(7) 。目前台灣尚無相關研究。
參考資料:
Palacios C, Gonzalez L. Is vitamin D deficiency a major global public health problem? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014;144 Pt A138-145.
Lee MS, Li HL, Hung TH, et al. Vitamin D intake and its food sources in Taiwanese. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(3):397-407.
Grant WB, Cross HS, Garland CF, et al. Estimated benefit of increased vitamin D status in reducing the economic burden of disease in western Europe. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2009;99(2-3):104-113.
Chuang SC, Chen HL, Tseng WT, et al. Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and physical performance in older adults: a nationwide study in Taiwan. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104(5):1334-1344.
Ponda MP, Liang Y, Kim J, et al. Randomized clinical trial in vitamin D-deficient adults comparing replenishment with oral vitamin D3 with narrow-band UV type B light: effects on cholesterol and the transcriptional profiles of skin and blood. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017.
Rhodes LE, Webb AR, Fraser HI, et al. Recommended summer sunlight exposure levels can produce sufficient (> or = 20 ng ml(-1)) but not the proposed optimal (> or = 32 ng ml(-1)) 25(OH)D levels at UK latitudes. J Invest Dermatol. 2010;130(5):1411-1418.
Farrar MD, Webb AR, Kift R, et al. Efficacy of a dose range of simulated sunlight exposures in raising vitamin D status in South Asian adults: implications for targeted guidance on sun exposure. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;97(6):1210-1216.