知識產權 他山之石―美國FASEB對生物科技研發之利益迴避簡介 Introduction to FASEB COI Toolkit ― for handling conflict of interest in academic-industrial relationships
前言
當今生物科技發展日新月益,學術界與產業的研究合作十分普遍。然而,隨著這類產學合作數量日益增加且愈來愈形複雜,社會上對這類產學合作關係所產生財務上的利益衝突(Conflict of Interest)也愈顯得不安,給予高度的關注。
美國實驗生物學聯盟(Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology,簡稱FASEB),成立於1912年,已有百年歷史,過去對生物科技發展常見之利益衝突已訂定一套指導原則與簡單的檢視工具,期望幫助生物科學界妥善處理產學合作關係之間的財務關係。
因應這些挑戰刻正進行之活動
科學界正努力解決這些問題。機構、研究贊助廠商、科研誠信辦公室(the Office of Research Integrity)、出版商、科學和專業團體 - FASEB(11)和其他團體 - 已經制定了政策,建議,行為守則和宣導活動。許多努力,正在重新評估現行做法--監督與管理研究之利益衝突--和設法進行改善。例如,美國醫學院協會(AAMC)(12)和美國大學協會(AAU)(13)向來積極探討臨床研究中機構處理利益衝突之制度訂定。國家科學技術委員會(The National Science and Technology Council, NSTC)之商業模式的研究小組委員會目前正努力提昇聯邦政策的一致性來處理研究之利益衝突(14)。醫學研究院(The Institute of Medicine)最近進行的一項研究,也探討利益衝突對醫學教育、研究、和實習所帶來的影響 (15)。
註解/文獻/法規
(1) "Investigator" is defined as any individual responsible for the design, conduct or reporting of research, which is consistent with the PHS/NSF regulation on conflicts of interest for grantees
(2) "Industry" includes public and private pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device, and research supply companies as well as entities that deal directly with these companies, such as investment firms
(3) Eric G. Campbell, presentation to FASEB Board of Directors, June 15, 2005
(4) More than 3,600 new products based on academic inventions have been produced from 1989 to 2005 according to the Association of University Technology Managers 2005 Licensing Survey
(5) Scope and impact of financial conflicts of interest in biomedical research: A systematic review, JE Bekelman et al, JAMA, 2003
(6) 42 CFR Part 50, Subpart F - Responsibility of Applicants for Promoting Objectivity in Research for Which PHS Funding is Sought
(7) NSF Grant Policy Manual, Chapter V - Grantee Standards, 510 – Conflict of Interest Policies
(8) "Significant financial interests" are defined according to the PHS/NSF definition of anything of monetary value, including but not limited to, salary or other payments for services, equity interests, and intellectual property rights, when aggregated for the investigator and the investigator's spouse and dependent children are greater than or equal to $10,000 in value and 5% ownership interest in any single entity
(9) 21 CFR 54, Financial Disclosures by Clinical Investigators
(10) D Armstrong, Financial ties cloud major depression study, Wall Street Journal, July 11, 2006, Page A1
(11) Financial conflicts of interest in research - Shared Responsibility, Individual Integrity, FASEB
(12) Financial Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Research, AAMC
(13) Report on Individual and Institutional Financial Conflicts of Interest, AAU Task Force on Research Accountability, 2001 (PDF)
(14) RBM Project Description - Improve consistency of Federal-wide policies for Research Conflict of Interest, Working Group on Stewardship and Accountability
(15) Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practices
See also
Fact Sheet: Academia-industry-government relations in research, Created for FASEB meeting on conflicts of interest in research, 2005 (PDF)